Ngokombiko weReuters, iMelika icele ngoLwesibili ngesikhathi sendawo ukuthi amazwe angamalungu eQembu Lamazwe Ama-20 (G20) athathe indlela eqaphelayo nethibekile ekulawuleni ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, agweme ukubeka imithetho emisha eminingi eqondene ne-AI. Lesi siphakamiso senziwe emhlanganweni obuseNorth Carolina, eMelika, obuhanjelwe ngabamele izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe kanye nongqongqoshe bezohwebo bamazwe ahlukahlukene.
Isimo seMelika sihambisana kakhulu nemibono yezinkampani ezinkulu ze-AI emhlabeni, cishe zonke ezivela eMelika. Lezi zinkampani zifuna ukuthi amazwe omhlaba anciphise ukulawulwa kwamabhizinisi e-AI akhula ngokushesha, noma okungenani zikwazi ukuba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwemithetho efanele.
Ezinkampanini ze-AI, izimfuneko eziyimpoqo zokulawulwa nguhulumeni zingathinta amandla okwenza inzuzo. Uma imithetho emisha ibambezela ukukhishwa kwamamodeli amasha, noma iphoqa izinkampani ukuthi ziguqule indlela imikhiqizo yazo esebenza ngayo ukuze kubhekwane nezinkinga zokuphepha, lokho kungakhuphula izindleko futhi kuthinte ukukhula kwamabhizinisi.
UMeluleki Wezobuchwepheshe waseMelika uMichael · Kratsios, obengomunye wosihlalo balo mhlangano wezinsuku ezimbili, uthe ufuna amazwe amukele lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “Izimiso ZaseCarolina” (Carolina Principles).
UKratsios uthe enkulumweni ayethula ezikhulwini ze-G20 ngoLwesibili ekuseni, amazwe asayina lezi zimiso avuma ukugwema ukwakha uhlelo olusha ngokuphelele lokulawula i-AI, kunalokho agxile ekwakheni imithetho yezimo “ezintsha” ezibandakanya lobu buchwepheshe.
UKratsios uthe enkulumweni yakhe ekuseni ngalolo suku: “Abenzi bezinqubomgomo akudingeki babheke ukuqanjwa okusha ngakunye njengento ezimele, futhi akufanele babheke bonke ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa njengezinkinga zenqubomgomo ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili.”
Izikhondlakhondla zemboni ye-AI zihlangene
UTom · Brown, ongomunye wabasunguli be-Anthropic, uhlele ukwethula inkulumo kubahlanganyeli ngoLwesithathu, njengoba kuqinisekiswe umkhulumeli wale nkampani.
U-Demis · Hassabis, oyi-CEO ye-Google DeepMind, uMark · Zuckerberg, oyi-CEO ye-Meta, kanye no-Elon · Musk, oyi-CEO ye-SpaceX, bakhulume nabahlanganyeli ngevidiyo ngoLwesibili.
UHassabis ucele izikhulu ze-G20 ukuthi zakhe uhlelo lokuhlola ukuphepha kwezinhlelo ze-AI.
UZuckerberg uthe amazwe akufanele akhawulele amamodeli e-AI anesisindo esivulekile (open-weight). Amamodeli anesisindo esivulekile yizinhlelo ze-AI lapho ezinye zezinto eziyinhloko zemodeli zitholakala emphakathini.
Emasontweni ambalwa adlule, uZuckerberg ubesazama ukwenza iMeta ibe yinkampani ehamba phambili emkhakheni wamamodeli e-AI anesisindo esivulekile. Uma amazwe ebeka imingcele eyengeziwe kulawa mamodeli, lokho kungathinta izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa iMeta kulo mkhakha.
UMusk ugxeke izinqubomgomo zokulawulwa kobuchwepheshe ze-European Union, wathi imithetho efanele ye-EU “ivimbela intuthuko yezinkampani”. Uphinde wacela amazwe angaphandle kwe-China ukuthi asheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwemithombo emisha yamandla ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo sikagesi esikhulayo sezikhungo zedatha.
Njengoba ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo zedatha ze-AI kwanda ngokushesha, izingxabano eziphathelene nalezi zikhungo seziphenduke udaba olubalulekile kwezepolitiki eMelika. Njengoba kusondela ukhetho lwaphakathi nesikhathi eMelika lwango-2026, ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi ezikhungo zedatha sekuthinta indlela abavoti ababheka ngayo abazongenela ukhetho.
Muva nje, ithimba lochwepheshe leZizwe Ezihlangene laxwayisa ngokuthi ijubane lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-AI selidlula amandla omphakathi wesayensi okuqonda kanye nejubane ohulumeni abalandela ngalo ngezinqubomgomo.
Uchungechunge lwezigameko ezenzeke muva nje luphinde lwandisa ukukhathazeka komphakathi ngokuphepha kwe-AI, okuhlanganisa ukuhlasela okwenziwa yi-ejenti ye-AI ye-OpenAI eyaphuma ekulawulweni, okwaholela ekungeneni kwengqalasizinda yenkampani ye-AI iHugging Face.
Ama-ejenti e-AI yizinhlelo ezikwazi ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalela ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwabantu okuncane. Lezi zigameko ziphinde zavusa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi izinkampani ezihamba phambili ze-AI ziqapha ngokwanele yini izinqubo zokuhlola imikhiqizo yazo.
IMelika ibhekene nenselelo yokukhula okuqhubekayo kwamandla e-AI yase-China
Umhlangano wezikhulu ze-G20 ubanjwe ngesikhathi esibucayi sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-AI emhlabeni kanye nengxabano ephathelene nokubuswa kwe-AI. Ngesikhathi iMelika ilwela ubuholi bomhlaba ku-AI, ibhekene nengcindezi ekhulayo yokuncintisana evela e-China.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli avalekile ezikhondlakhondla ze-AI zaseMelika ezifana ne-Anthropic ne-OpenAI, amamodeli e-AI ase-China anesisindo esivulekile aya ngokuya eba namandla, kanti umehluko wamakhono uya ngokuya unciphiseka. Amamodeli anesisindo esivulekile athuthukiswe e-China nawo aseqala ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezinkampanini zaseMelika.
UVivek · Chilukuri, ongumcwaningi wezobuchwepheshe nokuphepha kwezwe eCenter for a New American Security, uthe: “Lokhu kwenza uhulumeni wamanje waseMelika alangazelele kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amanye amazwe omhlaba ayaqhubeka ehlala ohlelweni lwezobuchwepheshe lwaseMelika, kunokuba aphendukele ekufuneni ezinye izindlela.”
Lo mhlangano ungomunye nje wochungechunge lwemihlangano ehlobene ne-G20 ezobanjwa emadolobheni ahlukahlukene aseMelika ezinyangeni ezizayo. Ekugcineni, ingqungquthela yabaholi be-G20 izobanjelwa eMiami ngoDisemba walo nyaka.
IReuters ibike phambilini ukuthi uSam · Altman, oyi-CEO ye-OpenAI, kanye noJensen · Huang, oyi-CEO ye-Nvidia, bazokwethula izinkulumo kubamele abahlanganyeli ngoLwesithathu, ngamunye ehambisana noNobhala Wezohwebo waseMelika uHoward · Lutnick.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani elincane lababhikishi lahlangana ngaphandle kwendawo yomhlangano we-G20. UJohn · Montavon, umbhikishi waseNorth Carolina, uphikisana nombono kaMusk wokwakha izikhungo zedatha ezinkulu. Ukholelwa ukuthi ukwanda kwesidingo sikagesi sezikhungo zedatha kuzokwandisa ukufudumala komhlaba. Uthe: “UMnu Musk kusobala ukuthi usehlukaniswe ngokuphelele neqiniso iningi lethu eliphila kulo.”