Isizungu ebudaleni asiwona nje umthwalo ongokomzwelo. Ucwaningo lulinganisela ukuthi phakathi kwabantu baseSingapore abaneminyaka engu-60 nangaphezulu, u-17% kuya ku-47% bahlala behlukanisiwe nomphakathi, kanti cishe u-8% uzizwa unesizungu. Okukhathazayo ukuthi izingozi zezempilo ezibangelwa yilezi zimo kuthiwa zingalingana nokubhema osikilidi abangu-15 ngosuku.
Njengoba amarobhothi ezingxoxo e-artificial intelligence (AI) eba nobuhlakani obengeziwe namandla okuxoxa athuthuka, abhekwa njengendlela yobungane engasabalaliswa kabanzi futhi ebiza kancane, enganezela ebudlelwaneni babantu. Pho, abantu abadala bazimisele kangakanani ukwamukela amarobhothi ezingxoxo e-AI?
Ukuze kuphendulwe lo mbuzo, abacwaningi baseSingapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) bamema abantu abadala abangu-140 abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-60 no-89, ababehlala ngokuzimela emiphakathini, ukuba baxoxe nerobhothi yezingxoxo yomphakathi i-Ami Chat, elakhiwe yithimba labacwaningi. Ngemva kwalokho, abacwaningi bahlola isimo sengqondo sabahlanganyeli nesifiso sabo sokusebenzisa irobhothi yezingxoxo yomphakathi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
Lolu cwaningo olunesihloko esithi “Izinto Ezithinta Isifiso Sabantu Abadala Sokusebenzisa Amarobhothi Ezingxoxo Zomphakathi: Ukuhlola Ukwamukelwa Kobuchwepheshe, Ukwenziwa Kubukeke Njengomuntu, Ukuba YiQiniso Nokuxhumana Komphakathi Kwe-AI” lwashicilelwa ephephabhukwini i-Innovation in Aging, futhi lugxile ekusetshenzisweni kokuklama, i-AI nobuchwepheshe kulo mkhakha.
UProfesa Yow Wei Quin, ohole ithimba labacwaningi, uthe: “Siqaphele ukuthi bayanda abantu abadala abaqala ukusebenzisa amarobhothi ezingxoxo e-AI, kodwa kusekuncane ucwaningo oluqinile olubonisa ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezenza leli qembu lamukele lobu buchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi uma buzosetshenziswa njengethuluzi lobungane.”
“Sakha i-Ami Chat ukuze ihambisane kangcono nezidingo zabantu abadala, kube lula ngayo ukusebenza, futhi isondele kakhulu endaweni yokuphila yabasebenzisi bendawo yaseSingapore.”
I-Ami Chat inikwa amandla imodeli yolimi enkulu. Abasebenzisi akudingeki bathayiphe, bangaxoxa nayo ngezwi ngqo. Izinkinobho ezinkulu nokusebenza ngezimpawu ezilula kwehlisa ubunzima bokuyisebenzisa, kanti isithombe sayo sekhathuni singowesifazane waseSingapore onomusa nonobungane. Izimpendulo zayo zivame ukuba mfushane futhi zisebenzise ulimi olukhulunywayo.
Kulolu cwaningo, abacwaningi bandisa i-“Seniors Technology Acceptance Model” (STAM). Le modeli ithi ukuzimisela komsebenzisi ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha kuhlobene nezinto ezifana nokubona ukuthi kulula ukubusebenzisa nesimo sempilo. Ithimba labacwaningi lanezela izinkomba ezintathu ezihlobene nobudlelwane bomphakathi: izinga lokwenziwa irobhothi libukeke njengomuntu, okusho ukuthi libukeka lifana kangakanani nomuntu; ukuba yiqiniso, okusho ukuthi lizwakala liqotho kangakanani nokuthi izimpendulo zalo zenzeka ngokwemvelo yini; kanye namandla okuxhumana komphakathi kwe-AI (AISI), alinganisa ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi komuntu ne-AI kusondela kangakanani engxoxweni nabangane.
Imiphumela yocwaningo yabonisa ukuthi izinto ezikwi-STAM zingachaza u-26% womehluko ekuzimiseleni kwabantu abadala ukusebenzisa amarobhothi ezingxoxo, kanti izinkomba ezintathu ezihlobene nobudlelwane bomphakathi zachaza olunye u-27%.
Abahlanganyeli babezimisele kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-Ami Chat lapho bezibona benekhono lokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe futhi bengathola ukwesekwa okwanele; lapho irobhothi yezingxoxo lizwakala liyiqiniso kakhulu; nalapho ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo kuba nokuphendulana nokusondelana okwengeziwe.
Nokho, “ukufana nomuntu” kwerobhothi yezingxoxo kwaveza umphumela ohlukile.
Ngemva kokubhekwa kwezinga lokusondelana kokuxhumana, abahlanganyeli ababecabanga ukuthi irobhothi yezingxoxo lifana kakhulu nomuntu wangempela babonisa isifiso esiphansi sokulisebenzisa.
U-Yow Wei Quin uthe: “Ukuba nekhono lokuxhumana nabantu akusho ukuthi irobhothi kufanele lifane nomuntu wangempela. Abantu bangase bafune irobhothi yezingxoxo likwazi ukuxoxa nabo kahle, kodwa bangafuni ukuthi lenze sengathi lingumuntu.”
Isimo sempilo saba nomthelela ongalindelekile ekuzimiseleni kwabantu abadala ukusebenzisa irobhothi yezingxoxo.
Abantu abadala ababehlola impilo yabo njengembi babonisa isifiso esikhulu sokulisebenzisa. Lesi simo sasihlobene kakhulu nobunzima bokugxila nokwaneliseka okuphansi ngempilo.
Uthe: “Abantu abanganelisekile kakhulu ngezinga lempilo yabo bangase bazimisele kakhulu ukuzama ubuchwepheshe obusha obunganikeza ukuxhumana noma ukwesekwa.”
Le miphumela inikeza abathuthukisi izinkomba ezisebenzayo: irobhothi yezingxoxo kufanele likwazi ukukhumbula izingxoxo zangaphambilini futhi lizivumelanise nokuthandwa ngumsebenzisi; isixhumi esibonakalayo kufanele sibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka; futhi akufanele kugxilwe ngokweqile ekwenzeni i-AI ibukeke iya ngokuya ifana nomuntu wangempela.
Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uhlelo olufanele kufanele lukwazi ukuxoxa ngokwemvelo futhi lunikeze izimpendulo ezinhle, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo lugcine umsebenzisi azi ngokusobala ukuthi ubhekene nerobhothi yezingxoxo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela lobu buchwepheshe obethulwa futhi bukhuthazwa ngayo kubantu abadala nayo ibalulekile kakhulu.
U-Yow Wei Quin uthe: “Ekuqaleni kokwethulwa, kufanele kunikezwe ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe ekusebenzeni kwangempela, izifundo ezicacile nemiyalelo elula ukuyiqonda nokuyithola, ukuze abasebenzisi bazethembe emandleni abo okusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe.”
“Le miphumela ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amathuluzi e-AI obungane asebenzayo futhi angasabalaliswa kabanzi. Amathuluzi anjalo angasiza ekunciphiseni isizungu futhi athuthukise izinga lempilo nenhlalakahle yabantu asebekhulile.”
Ithimba labacwaningi livumile nokuthi lolu cwaningo lwahlola kuphela imibono yokuqala yabahlanganyeli ngemva kokuxhumana kanye endaweni elawulwayo. “Isifiso sokusebenzisa” singaba inkomba yokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside esikhathini esizayo kuphela, futhi ngeke kufakazele ukuthi abasebenzisi bazoqhubeka nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo enjalo.
Ngemva kokushicilelwa kwalolu cwaningo, i-Ami Chat yaqanjwa kabusha yaba yi-Ami-Go. Esigabeni esilandelayo, ithimba labacwaningi lizolandelela ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-Ami-Go ngabantu abadala ezindaweni zabo zokuphila zansuku zonke.
Njengamanje, i-Ami-Go isihlanganiswe nohlelo lokuqeqesha ukuqonda olunezilimi ezimbili i-Ami-Able, olwakhiwe ilebhu ka-Yow Wei Quin, kwakheka inkundla entsha. Le nkundla isiseduze nokuqeda ukuhlolwa kwesigaba sokuqala.