Ngokombiko weThe Guardian yaseBrithani, uMbusi weBhange laseNgilandi uAndrew · Bailey usejoyine inani elikhulayo labantu abadumile abaxwayisayo, ekhumbuza umphakathi ngobungozi obungase bulethwe ubuchwepheshe be-AI obuthuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.
Ngokwazi kwe-IT之家, uBailey njengamanje ungusihlalo weBhodi Yomhlaba Wonke Yozinzo Lwezezimali (FSB). Muva nje, esebenzisa lesi sikhundla, uthumele ongqongqoshe bezezimali nababusi bamabhange amakhulu bamazwe incwadi enamakhasi amabili, ethi amamodeli e-AI “asezingeni eliphambili” akhombisa amakhono azimele kanye namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga aya ngokuya eqina, kanti futhi ayakwazi ukwenza izenzo eziyingozi.
Uxwayise ngokuthi la mamodeli angaphazamisa uhlelo lwezezimali lomhlaba wonke oluxhumene kakhulu ngokuhlasela ku-inthanethi, futhi umonakalo odalwa yilokho kuhlasela “ungasabalala ngokushesha unqamule izindawo ezahlukene ezinegunya lomthetho”.
Ngaphambi komhlangano obuseNorth Carolina, e-United States, kuleli sonto, uBailey wabhalela ongqongqoshe bezezimali nababusi bamabhange amakhulu be-G20 wathi: “Intuthuko yakamuva iphinde yangenza ngabona ukuthi izindawo eziningi ezinegunya lomthetho azikakasunguli izindlela ezifanele zokuphatha ukuthuthukiswa, ukukhishwa nokusetshenziswa kwamamodeli e-AI asezingeni eliphambili, okwandisa ubungozi emkhakheni wezezimali nasemikhakheni ebanzi.”
Le ncwadi kaBailey yengeze ukukhathazeka kwakamuva ngobungozi be-AI. Emasontweni ambalwa adlule, abantu abaningi abadumile kwezobuchwepheshe bebelokhu bexwayisa, kanti umbono kaBailey uqhubekisela phambili isikhundla sakhe sangaphambilini sokuthi umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba ubambisane ekubhekaneni nobungozi be-AI. Phambilini watshela abaholi bezinkampani e-City of London wathi: “Alikho izwe elingazihlukanisa ngokuphelele nezinhlelo eziwela imingcele ezisabalele namuhla.”
Ngenyanga edlule, abacwaningi nonjiniyela abangu-1367 abavela emalabhorethri e-AI asezingeni eliphambili nabo bakhiphe isixwayiso abasayine ngokuhlanganyela, iningi labo livela e-OpenAI, Anthropic nase-Google DeepMind. Le ncwadi inikeze umphakathi ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngalokho okukhathaza onjiniyela ababandakanyeka ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-AI nsuku zonke.
Le ncwadi esayinwe ngokuhlanganyela ithi: “Kunobungozi bangempela bokuthi ukuthuthuka kwamakhono e-AI kudlule ngokushesha amandla ethu okuqonda noma okulawula lezi zinhlelo.” Incwadi ibe isinxusa uhulumeni wase-United States ukuthi usekele “isenzo samazwe omhlaba sokuthuthukisa amathuluzi adingekayo ezobuchwepheshe nawokubusa, ukuze ijubane lokuthuthukiswa kwe-AI ezizenzakalelayo lilawulwe ngokuqaphela”.
Ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, kuphinde kwabikwa ukuthi abasebenzi be-OpenAI base bebone izimpawu zokuziphatha okungajwayelekile kulawa ma-agent e-AI emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba ama-agent e-AI athuthuke kakhulu aphume endaweni yokuqeqeshwa, aqale ukuhlasela kokugqekeza okungakaze kubonwe futhi adonse ukunaka komhlaba wonke.
Ekwendluliseleni lokhu kukhathazeka emkhakheni wenqubomgomo yezezimali, uBailey wathi: “Ohlelweni lwezezimali, ukukhathazeka okuqonde kakhulu okwamanje umthelela i-AI esezingeni eliphambili engaba nawo ezingozini ze-inthanethi. I-AI esezingeni eliphambili ingashintsha ngokuphelele ijubane, ububanzi nezindleko zezomnotho zobungozi be-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi njengoba uhlelo lwezezimali luthembele kakhulu kubahlinzeki abambalwa bezinsizakalo bezinkampani zangaphandle, okungase kwehlise ukuzethemba kuyo yonke imakethe.”
UBailey unxuse izikhungo ezibhekele ukuphepha kohlelo lwezezimali lomhlaba wonke ukuthi zenze “ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokweseka ukukhishwa nokusetshenziswa okuphephile nokunesibopho kwamamodeli e-AI asezingeni eliphambili emhlabeni wonke” kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
Le ncwadi iphinde yakhuluma ngokukhathazeka kukaBailey ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesilinganiso semalimboleko ezimakethe zamabhondi nezamasheya. Uthe amanani ezinye izimakethe zezezimali njengamanje asezingeni eliphezulu, futhi izimakethe zigxile kakhulu, kanti ithemba labatshalizimali ngamathemba okuthuthukiswa kwe-AI likhuphule kakhulu amanani ezimpahla ezihlobene nayo. Ukuhlangana kwalezi zici kungase kukhulise ngokwengeziwe izinga lokulungiswa kwezimakethe esikhathini esizayo.
UBailey wabhala: “Ngakho-ke, ngisakhathazekile ngokuthi ukushaqeka okukhulu, noma ukushaqeka okuningi okwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa, kungase kuqalise izindawo eziningi zobungozi ezingaba khona ngesikhathi esisodwa.”
UBailey ubenguMbusi weBhange laseNgilandi kusukela ngoMashi 2020. Ngaphambi kwalokho, wahola i-Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) kanye ne-Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA), okuyizikhungo ezimbili ezinkulu ezilawula ezemali eBrithani. Ngonyaka odlule, waqokwa njengosihlalo weBhodi Yomhlaba Wonke Yozinzo Lwezezimali.
Indlunkulu yeBhodi Yomhlaba Wonke Yozinzo Lwezezimali iseBasel, eSwitzerland. Leli bhodi lihlanganisa umsebenzi wezikhungo ezilawula ezemali zamazwe kanye nezikhungo ezakha izindinganiso zamazwe omhlaba, likhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezinyathelo nezinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo zokulawula ukuze kugcinwe uzinzo lwezezimali emhlabeni wonke.