Ngokombiko we-BBC yaseBrithani namuhla (mhla zingama-27), uRees Hibbert, oneminyaka engu-48 ubudala waseBedfordshire, eBrithani, usebe yisiguli sokuqala emhlabeni ukuhlinzwa ubuchopho sisizwa yi-AI ngesikhathi sangempela. Odokotela bakwazile ukususa isimila ebuchosheni bakhe ngempumelelo.
Odokotela abahlinzayo base-University College Hospital London bathi, ukube akazange ahlinzwe, kungenzeka agcine engasaboni. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, i-AI yahlaziya ngesikhathi sangempela izithombe ezazithunyelwa yi-endoscope, yasiza odokotela ukubona izindawo okungenzeka kufihlwe kuzo imithambo yegazi ebalulekile nezinzwa ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Lokhu kwabenza bakwazi ukugwema lezi zakhiwo ezibalulekile futhi basuse isimila ngokuphelele ngangokunokwenzeka, begcina ukuphepha.
UHibbert uthe: “Ngokombono wokuphepha kwesiguli, ngiyaziqonda ngokuphelele izinzuzo zalobu buchwepheshe. Ngaphakathi kwekhanda lomuntu azikho izimpawu zomgwaqo.”
Ezinyangeni ezingu-18 ezedlule, uHibbert oneminyaka engu-48 ubesengumphathi wenkonzo yamakhasimende onempilo enhle, ehamba cishe amakhilomitha angu-3.2 ngesikhathi sekhefu lasemini nsuku zonke. Ngelinye ilanga ehamba emini, wavele waquleka, wawela emgwaqweni waqala ukudlikizela. Ukuhlolwa kwabe sekuthola ukuthi wayenesimila esingenabungozi esingu-11mm endlaleni yakhe ye-pituitary.
Indlala ye-pituitary itholakala ngaphansi kogebhezi, futhi icishe ilingane nebhola lemabula. Ikhipha ama-hormone amaningi abalulekile, abaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni komzimba, ekugayweni kokudla, nasekulawuleni umfutho wegazi nezinga lokushisa lomzimba. Indawo yayo yenza ukuhlinzwa kube nzima, ngoba eduze kwayo kunomthambo we-carotid ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni, kanye nenzwa yokubona elawula ukubona.
Njengoba isimila sasicindezela kancane kancane inzwa yokubona, indawo uHibbert ayekwazi ukuyibona eceleni yaqala ukuncipha. Ekuqaleni wayengadingi ukuhlinzwa ngokushesha, kodwa kamuva waqala ukukhubeka ezintweni njalo, waba nokukhathala okukhulu nesiyezi.
UHibbert wavuma wathi: “Eminyakeni engu-18 sishadile, nsuku zonke ngiyavuka ngenzele umkami inkomishi yekhofi, futhi ngeke ngivumele lesi simila singivimbe.” Uma kuqhathaniswa nokungakhululeki emzimbeni, ingcindezi yemizwa nengqondo yamthinta kakhulu. “Abantu abaningi bacela ukungisiza benezinhloso ezinhle, kodwa awufuni ukuba umthwalo kwabanye.”
Odokotela kamuva bambuza ukuthi angavuma yini ukuba yisiguli sokuqala esisebenzisa leli thuluzi le-AI elenzelwe yena ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. UHibbert akazange anqikaze. “Uma iziguli zingazimisele ukubamba iqhaza ocwaningweni, odokotela bazofunda kanjani, futhi imithi izothuthuka kanjani?”
Ngokwazi kwe-IT之家, ukuhlinzwa kudinga ukuthi i-endoscope idluliselwe emgodini wamakhala iye ngaphansi kogebhezi, bese kusetshenziswa ikhamera ekugcineni kwayo ukubuka indawo ehlinzwayo. Nakuba isimila siseduze, sivinjwe yizakhiwo zamathambo nolwelwesi oluqinile, ngakho odokotela abakwazi ukusibona ngokuqondile.
Ubunzima bangempela ukuthola ukuthi kungenwa kuphi ngokuphepha kakhulu, ngoba ukwakheka komzimba kuyehluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ubungozi bezinkinga zalolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa abulingani kuzo zonke izimo. Ekuhlinzweni kukaHibbert, bekunamathuba angu-25% kuya ku-50% okuthi isimila singasuswa ngokuphelele, kanye nobungozi obungu-0.5% kuya ku-2% bokulimala kwemithambo yegazi emikhulu.
Yilapho i-AI inikeza khona usizo. Isikrini sesibili sasihlaziya ngesikhathi sangempela izithombe zokuhlinzwa, silandelele nendawo yamathuluzi, sinqume izindawo okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kukhona kuzo imithambo yegazi nezinzwa, futhi siphawule izindawo eziphephe kakhulu zokususa isimila.
Umgomo wayo ucishe ufane nokubonwa kobuso ocingweni, kodwa i-AI yona kufanele ibone izakhiwo zomzimba ezibalulekile nezivame ukungabonakali.
Odokotela abahlinzayo baseBrithani benza ngokwesilinganiso ukuhlinzwa okunjalo okungaba ngu-10 kuya ku-20 kuphela ngonyaka, futhi ngokuvamile bathembela ezithombeni zangaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze bajwayele ukwakheka komzimba wesiguli. Ithimba labacwaningi lasebenzisa amakhulu amavidiyo okuhlinzwa kokususwa kwezimila ze-pituitary ukuqeqesha nokuhlola i-AI, futhi labeka ngokucophelela imingcele yemithambo yegazi nezinzwa kuvidiyo ngayinye, ukuze uhlelo lufunde kancane kancane “ukubona” izakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu.
USolwazi Hani Marcus, obambe iqhaza ekuhlinzweni, uthe: “Inani lokuhlinzwa lolu hlelo oluqeqeshwe kukho lidlula lokho odokotela abahlinzayo abaningi abakubonile noma abakwenze empilweni yabo yonke. Kufana nokuba namehlo engeziwe ochwepheshe.” Lolu hlelo lusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela, okuyinto ehlukile nakwamanye amathuluzi e-AI asesesigabeni sokuhlolwa.
Ithimba labacwaningi ligcizelele ukuthi i-AI ngeke ilawule ukuhlinzwa. Izohlinzeka odokotela ngosizo kuphela, kanti zonke izenzo zizoqhubeka zinqunywe odokotela abahlinzayo.
USolwazi Marcus uthe ekugcineni ithimba lifisa ukwenza “i-ChatGPT yodokotela abahlinzayo”, okungafana nokwengeza omunye uchwepheshe egumbini lokuhlinzela. “Uma udokotela efuna iseluleko, angabuza; uma engavumelani naso, angakhetha ngokuphelele ukungasilandeli.”
Le AI yathuthukiswa ngabacwaningi base-University College London, futhi yaxhaswa yi-National Institute for Health and Care Research yaseBrithani kanye ne-Google. Ngaphambi kokuthi isetshenziswe egumbini lokuhlinzela, ithimba layihlola iminyaka eminingi elabhorethri.
Imiphumela yokuhlinzwa kokuqala kwangempela yabajabulisa abacwaningi, futhi manje ithimba lilungiselela ukuhlolwa komtholampilo okukhulu.
UHibbert uthe: “Lapho ngivula amehlo ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ngezwa sengathi sengiphinde ngaba nombono ongu-360 degree. Sekuphele unyaka wonke ngingakaze ngibone ngokucacile kanje.” Emasontweni angu-8 ngemva kokuhlinzwa, cishe njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa wayebona ukuthi ukubona kwakhe kuyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono. “Amandla ami nawo abuyile, konke ukungakhululeki kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwaphela. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungibuyisele impilo yami.”
UNgqongqoshe waseBrithani Wezinto Ezintsha Kwezempilo, uJames Frith, uthe uyajabula ngokuthi uRees ukwazile ukuthola lokhu “kuhlinzwa okuguqula impilo” ngocwaningo oluxhaswe nguhulumeni. “I-AI kumele ihambisane nezivikelo ezifanele zokuphepha, futhi sizohlala siluthatha ngokungathí sina udaba lokuphepha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sizoqinisekisa ukuthi siwasebenzisa ngokugcwele amathuba alethwa yi-AI.”